Masculine and Feminine Gender (Creatures List)

Gendered terms for animals vary by species, age, and tradition. Many mammals use bull/cow for adult males and females, while birds often use cock/hen, and some species have unique forms such as drake/duck (ducks) or ram/ewe (sheep). Juvenile terms (e.g., colt, filly) are sometimes included where widely used. Several pairs are regional or dated; where modern usage lacks a distinct feminine form, the neutral species name is commonly used with “male” or “female.” The table presents standard pairings for reference, focusing on living creatures rather than myth or metaphor, and noting well-established alternatives where relevant.

MasculineFeminine
antelope: buckdoe
ass: jackjenny
badger: boarsow
bear: boarsow
boar (pig): boarsow
bull (cattle)cow
bullock (castrated)heifer (young) / cow
cat: tomqueen
swan: cobpen
chicken: cock/roosterhen
chicken (young): cockerelpullet
horse (young): coltfilly
deer: buckdoe
dogbitch
donkey: jackjenny
duck: drakeduck
bee: dronequeen (workers = female)
elephant: bull-elephantcow-elephant
ferret: hobjill
fox (also “dog-fox”)vixen
goose: gandergoose
guinea pig: boarsow
goat: billy-goat / he-goatnanny-goat / she-goat
hare: buckdoe
hedgehog: boarsow
kangaroo: buck/boomerdoe
leopard †leopardess †
lionlioness
peafowl: peacockpeahen
pig: boarsow
pigeon: cock-pigeonhen-pigeon
rabbit: buckdoe
sheep: ramewe
rat: buckdoe
reindeer (caribou): bullcow
rhinoceros: bullcow
seal: bull-sealcow-seal
sparrow: cock-sparrowhen-sparrow
red deer: staghind
horse: stallionmare
tigertigress
turkey: tom (turkey-cock)turkey-hen
whale: bull-whalecow-whale
wolf: he-wolf (dog-wolf)she-wolf
alligator/crocodile: bullcow
alpaca/llama: malefemale (herd terms vary)
ant: malequeen/worker (workers = female)
badger: boarsow
bat: malefemale
beaver: buckdoe
bison/buffalo: bullcow
camel: bullcow
caribou: bullcow
cat (juveniles): tom-kittenqueen-kitten
chimpanzee/ape: malefemale
dolphin: bullcow
elk/moose: bullcow
elk (wapiti): bullcow
goose (young): gander-goslinggoose-gosling
hedgehog (repeat for clarity): boarsow
hippopotamus: bullcow
horse (castrated): gelding
octopus: malefemale
otter: dog-otterbitch-otter
owl: malefemale
salmon/trout: cock (spawner)hen
seal (eared & true): bullcow
walrus: bullcow
yak: bull-yakcow-yak
zebra: stallionmare

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