Singular to Plural Nouns: By adding -s or -es to nouns ending in -o (List)

When we add -s or -es to nouns ending in -o, we create their plural forms. Here is a list of some common nouns ending in -o and the change that happens to them when they become plural. It is important to note that each word may have exceptions depending on its origin and common usage.

SingularPlural
banjobanjos/banjoes
archipelagoarchipelagos/archipelagoes
cargocargos/cargoes
desperadodesperados/desperadoes
halohalos/haloes
lassolassos/lassoes
mangomangos/mangoes
mementomementos/mementoes
mottomottos/mottoes
tornadotornados/tornadoes
volcanovolcanos/volcanoes
zerozeros/zeroes
avocadoavocados/avocadoes
dominodominos/dominoes
grottogrottos/grottoes
mosquitomosquitos/mosquitoes
flamingoflamingos/flamingoes
frescofrescos/frescoes
ghettoghettos/ghettoes
torpedotorpedos/torpedoes
vetovetos/vetoes
embargoembargos/embargoes
calicocalicos/calicoes
dado (carpentry)dados/dadoes
geckogeckos/geckoes
credocredos/credoes
manifestomanifestos/manifestoes
innuendoinnuendos/innuendoes
placeboplacebos/placeboes
solosolos
pianopianos
photophotos
videovideos
radioradios
studiostudios
ratioratios
zoozoos
cellocellos
casinocasinos
cappuccinocappuccinos
espressoespressos
octavooctavos
quartoquartos
triotrios
sopranosopranos
altoaltos
kimonokimonos
tacotacos
nachonachos
burritoburritos
avocadoavocados/avocadoes
calypsocalypsos
dynamodynamos
placeboplacebos/placeboes
lingolingos
logologos
memomemos
metrometros
micromicros
pedalopedalos
polopolos
porticoporticos
portfolioportfolios
potatopotatoes
tomatotomatoes
echoechoes
heroheroes
buffalobuffalo/buffaloes/buffalos
tornadotornados/tornadoes
volcanovolcanos/volcanoes
armadilloarmadillos
pianopianos
photophotos
propros
psychopsychos
raviolo (culinary; rare in English)ravioli (as collective) / raviolos
scenarioscenarios
studiostudios
tattootattoos
torerotoreros
tyrotyros
weirdoweirdos

Words ending in -o form their plural in -os or -oes. Generally, those which have a vowel before the final -o simply take -s (e.g. videos, audios). Most words that have a consonant before the final -o add -es (e.g. heroes, potatoes). However, there are exceptions, and usage can change over time or vary between different varieties of English.